How to Score in Judo: A Comprehensive Guide
Judo, a martial art that originated in Japan, is known for its emphasis on throws, grappling, and submissions. Scoring in judo is a crucial aspect of the sport, as it determines the outcome of matches. Understanding how to score in judo can help both beginners and experienced practitioners improve their skills and increase their chances of winning. In this article, we will explore the different ways to score in judo, including the various techniques and points awarded.
Understanding the Scoring System
The scoring system in judo is straightforward. Points are awarded for throws, pins, and submissions. The goal is to score more points than your opponent or to accumulate the most points by the end of the match. Here’s a breakdown of the scoring system:
1. Ippon (One Point): This is the highest score in judo. It is awarded when an opponent is thrown to the ground with a certain degree of force and technique. The throw must be executed with proper form and control, and the thrower must maintain control of the opponent for at least two seconds.
2. Waza-ari (Half Point): This score is given when an opponent is thrown to the ground, but with less force or technique than an ippon. The thrower must maintain control of the opponent for at least one second.
3. Yuko (Quarter Point): This score is awarded for a successful pin, where an opponent is held in a controlled position on the ground for at least 20 seconds. A yuko can also be given for a hold-down technique that is less effective than a pin.
4. Koka (Quarter Point): This score is similar to yuko but is given for a less effective hold-down technique, such as a half-nelson or a bear hug.
5. Shido (Warning): A shido is a penalty that can be awarded to either competitor for infractions such as poor sportsmanship, dangerous techniques, or not following the rules. A shido is worth a point to the opponent.
6. Hansoku Make (Disqualification): This is the most severe penalty and is given when a competitor commits a serious infraction, such as striking an opponent or intentionally causing harm. A hansoku make results in the immediate disqualification of the offender.
Throwing Techniques
Throwing techniques are the most common way to score in judo. There are many different throws, each with its own name and technique. Some of the most common throws include:
1. Ouchi-gari (Overturn Throw): This throw involves stepping over the opponent’s leg and pulling them down with a forceful motion.
2. Seoi-nage (Shoulder Throw): This throw is executed by lifting the opponent’s arm and shoulder, then throwing them over the thrower’s head.
3. Harai-goshi (Pulling Sweep): This throw involves pulling the opponent’s arm across the body and sweeping them to the ground.
4. Yoko-shiho-gari (Side Sweeping Throw): This throw is performed by stepping to the side of the opponent and sweeping them with a forceful motion.
Pin Techniques
Pinning your opponent is another effective way to score in judo. There are several pinning techniques, including:
1. Kesa-gatame (Cross-Leg Hold): This pinning technique involves holding the opponent’s legs with both arms and applying pressure to their shoulders.
2. Yoko-gatame (Side-Leg Hold): This technique involves holding the opponent’s legs with one arm and applying pressure to their shoulder or neck.
3. Kami-shiho-gatame (Top Sweep Hold): This pinning technique involves holding the opponent’s arms and sweeping them to the ground.
Submissions
While submissions are less common in judo compared to other martial arts, they are still a valid way to score. Submissions involve forcing an opponent to tap out or to submit to a certain hold. Some common submissions include:
1. Osotogari (Overturn Armbar): This submission involves an armbar throw, where the opponent’s arm is twisted behind their back.
2. Kansetsu-gatame (Joint Lock): This submission involves applying pressure to an opponent’s joint, such as their elbow or wrist.
3. Komi-zuki (Choke): This submission involves applying pressure to the opponent’s throat, forcing them to submit.
Conclusion
Scoring in judo is a vital part of the sport, and understanding the different ways to score can help you improve your technique and increase your chances of winning. By mastering throwing techniques, pinning techniques, and submissions, you can become a more well-rounded judo practitioner. Remember, practice and perseverance are key to mastering the art of judo and achieving success in the scoring system.
